微子篇 第十八

18.1微子⑴去之，箕子为之奴⑵，比干谏而死⑶。孔子曰：“殷有三仁焉。”

【译文】［纣王昏乱残暴，］微子便离开了他，箕子做了他的奴隶，比干谏劝而被杀。孔子说：“殷商末年有三位仁人。”

【英译】The Viscount of Wei withdrew from the court. The Viscount of Ji became a slave to Zhou. Bi Gan remonstrated with him and died. Confucius said, "The Yin dynasty possessed these three men of virtue."

18.2柳下惠为士师，三黜。人曰：“子未可以去乎？”曰：“直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦？”

【译文】柳下惠做法官，多次地被撤职。有人对他说：“您不可以离开鲁国吗？”他道：“正直地工作，到哪里去不多次被撤职？不正直地工作，为什么一定要离开祖国呢？”

【英译】Hui of Liu Xia, being chief criminal judge, was thrice dismissed from his office. Some one said to him, "Is it not yet time for you, sir, to leave this?" He replied, "Serving men in an upright way, where shall I go to, and not experience such a thrice-repeated dismissal? If I choose to serve men in a crooked way, what necessity is there for me to leave the country of my parents?"

18.3齐景公待孔子曰：“若季氏，则吾不能；以季孟之间待之。”曰：“吾老矣，不能用也。”孔子行。

【译文】齐景公讲到对待孔子的打算时说：“用鲁君对待季氏的模样对待孔子，那我做不到；我要用次于季氏而高于孟氏的待遇来对待他。”不久，又说道：“我老了，没有什么作为了。”孔子离开了齐国。

【英译】The duke Jing of Qi, with reference to the manner in which he should treat Confucius, said, "I cannot treat him as I would the chief of the Ji family. I will treat him in a manner between that accorded to the chief of the Ji, and that given to the chief of the Meng family." He also said, "I am old; I cannot use his doctrines." Confucius took his departure.

18.4齐人归女乐⑴，季桓子⑵受之，三日不朝，孔子行。

【译文】齐国送了许多歌姬舞女给鲁国，季桓子接受了，三天不问政事，孔子就离职走了。

【英译】The people of Qi sent to Lu a present of female musicians, which Ji Huan received, and for three days no court was held. Confucius took his departure.

18.5楚狂接舆⑴歌而过孔子曰：“凤兮凤兮！何德之衰？往者不可谏，来者犹可追⑵。已而，已而！今之从政者殆而！”孔子下，欲与之言。趋而辟之，不得与之言。

【译文】楚国的狂人接舆一面走过孔子的车子，一面唱着歌，道：“凤凰呀，凤凰呀！为什么这么倒霉？过去的不能再挽回，未来的还可不再着迷。算了吧，算了吧！现在的执政诸公危乎其危！”孔子下车，想同他谈谈，他却赶快避开，孔子没法同他谈。

【英译】The madman of Chu, Jie Yu, passed by Confucius, singing and saying, "O Feng! O Feng! How is your virtue degenerated! As to the past, reproof is useless; but the future may still be provided against. Give up your vain pursuit. Give up your vain pursuit. Peril awaits those who now engage in affairs of government." Confucius alighted and wished to converse with him, but Jie Yu hastened away, so that he could not talk with him.

18.6长沮、桀溺耦而耕⑴，孔子过之，使子路问津焉。长沮曰：“夫执舆⑵者为谁？”子路曰：“为孔丘。”曰：“是鲁孔丘与？”曰：“是也。”曰：“是知津矣。”问于桀溺。桀溺曰：“子为谁？”曰：“为仲由。”曰：“是鲁孔丘之徒与？”对曰：“然。”曰：“滔滔者天下皆是也，而谁以⑶易之？且而⑷与其从辟⑸人之士也，岂若从辟世之士哉？”耰⑹而不辍。子路行以告。夫子怃⑺然曰：“鸟兽不可与同羣，吾非斯人之徒与而谁与？天下有道，丘不与易也。”

【译文】长沮、桀溺两人一同耕田，孔子在那儿经过，叫子路去问渡口。长沮问子路道：“那位驾车子的是谁？”子路道：“是孔丘。”他又道：“是鲁国的那位孔丘吗？”子路道：“是的。”他便道：“他么，早晓得渡口在哪儿了。”去问桀溺。桀溺道：“您是谁？”子路道：“我是仲由。”桀溺道：“您是鲁国孔丘的门徒吗？”答道：“对的。”他便道：“像洪水一样的坏东西到处都是，你们同谁去改革它呢？你与其跟着［孔丘那种］逃避坏人的人，为什么不跟着［我们这些］逃避整个社会的人呢？”说完，仍旧不停地做田里工夫。子路回来报告给孔子。孔子很失望地道：“我们既然不可以同飞禽走兽合羣共处，若不同人羣打交道，又同什么去打交道呢？如果天下太平，我就不会同你们一道来从事改革了。”

【英译】Chang Zu and Jie Ni were at work in the field together, when Confucius passed by them, and sent Zi Lu to inquire for the ford. Chang Zu said, "Who is he that holds the reins in the carriage there?" Zi Lu told him, "It is Kong Qiu.', "Is it not Kong Qiu of Lu?" asked he. "Yes," was the reply, to which the other rejoined, "He knows the ford." Zi Lu then inquired of Jie Ni, who said to him, "Who are you, sir?" He answered, "I am Zhong You." "Are you not the disciple of Kong Qiu of Lu?" asked the other. "I am," replied he, and then Jie Ni said to him, "Disorder, like a swelling flood, spreads over the whole empire, and who is he that will change its state for you? Rather than follow one who merely withdraws from this one and that one, had you not better follow those who have withdrawn from the world altogether?" With this he fell to covering up the seed, and proceeded with his work, without stopping. Zi Lu went and reported their remarks, when the Master observed with a sigh, "It is impossible to associate with birds and beasts, as if they were the same with us. If I associate not with these people - with mankind - with whom shall I associate? If right principles prevailed through the empire, there would be no use for me to change its state."

18.7子路从而后，遇丈人，以杖荷筱⑴。子路问曰：“子见夫子乎？”丈人曰：“四体不勤，五谷不分⑵。孰为夫子？”植其杖而芸。子路拱而立。止子路宿，杀鸡为黍⑶而食之，见其二子焉。明日，子路行以告。子曰：“隐者也。”使子路反见之。至，则行矣。子路曰：“不仕无义。长幼之节，不可废也；君臣之义，如之何其废之？欲洁其身，而乱大伦。君子之仕也，行其义也。道之不行，已知之矣。”

【译文】子路跟随着孔子，却远落在后面，碰到一个老头，用拐杖挑着除草用的工具。子路问道：“您看见我的老师吗？”老头道：“你这人，四肢不劳动，五谷不认识，谁晓得你的老师是什么人？”说完，便扶着拐杖去锄草。子路拱着手恭敬地站着。他便留子路到他家住宿，杀鸡、作饭给子路吃，又叫他两个儿子出来相见。第二天，子路赶上了孔子，报告了这件事。孔子道：“这是位隐士。”叫子路回去再看看他。子路到了那里，他却走开了。子路便道：“不做官是不对的。长幼间的关系，是不可能废弃的；君臣间的关系，怎么能不管呢？你原想不沾污自身，却不知道这样隐居便是忽视了君臣间的必要关系。君子出来做官，只是尽应尽之责。至于我们的政治主张行不通，早就知道了。”

【英译】Zi Lu, following the Master, happened to fall behind, when he met an old man, carrying across his shoulder on a staff a basket for weeds. Zi Lu said to him, "Have you seen my master, sir?" The old man replied, "Your four limbs are unaccustomed to toil; you cannot distinguish the five kinds of grain - who is your master?" With this, he planted his staff in the ground, and proceeded to weed. Zi Lu joined his hands across his breast, and stood before him. The old man kept Zi Lu to pass the night in his house, killed a fowl, prepared millet, and feasted him. He also introduced to him his two sons. Next day, Zi Lu went on his way, and reported his adventure. The Master said, "He is a recluse," and sent Zi Lu back to see him again, but when he got to the place, the old man was gone. Zi Lu then said to the family, "Not to take office is not righteous. If the relations between old and young may not be neglected, how is it that he sets aside the duties that should be observed between sovereign and minister? Wishing to maintain his personal purity, he allows that great relation to come to confusion. A superior man takes office, and performs the righteous duties belonging to it. As to the failure of right principles to make progress, he is aware of that."

18.8逸⑴民：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连⑵。子曰：“不降其志，不辱其身，伯夷、叔齐与！”谓“柳下惠、少连，降志辱身矣，言中伦，行中虑，其斯而已矣。”谓“虞仲、夷逸，隐居放言，身中清，废中权。我则异于是，无可无不可。”

【译文】古今被遗落的人才有伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。孔子道：“不动摇自己意志，不辱没自己身份，是伯夷、叔齐罢！”又说，“柳下惠、少连降低自己意志，屈辱自己身份了，可是言语合乎法度，行为经过思虑，那也不过如此罢了。”又说：“虞仲、夷逸逃世隐居，放肆直言。行为廉洁，被废弃也是他的权术。我就和他们这些人不同，没有什么可以，也没有什么不可以。”

【英译】The men who have retired to privacy from the world have been Bo Yi, Shu Qi, Yu Zhong, Yi Yi, Zhu Zhang, Hui of Liu Xia, and Shao Lian. The Master said, "Refusing to surrender their wills, or to submit to any taint in their persons - such, I think, were Bo Yi and Shu Qi. "It may be said of Hui of Liu Xia, and of Shao Lian, that they surrendered their wills, and submitted to taint in their persons, but their words corresponded with reason, and their actions were such as men are anxious to see. This is all that is to be remarked in them. "It may be said of Yu Zhong and Yi Yi, that, while they hid themselves in their seclusion, they gave a license to their words; but in their persons, they succeeded in preserving their purity, and, in their retirement, they acted according to the exigency of the times. "I am different from all these. I have no course for which I am predetermined, and no course against which I am predetermined."

18.9大师挚⑴适齐，亚饭干适楚，三饭缭适蔡，四饭缺适秦⑵，鼓方叔入于河，播鼗武入于汉，少师阳、击磬襄入于海。

【译文】太师挚逃到了齐国，二饭乐师干逃到了楚国，三饭乐师缭逃到了蔡国，四饭乐师缺逃到了秦国，打鼓的方叔入居黄河之滨，摇小鼓的武入居汉水之涯，少师阳和击磬的襄入居海边。

【英译】The grand music master, Zhi, went to Qi. Gan, the master of the band at the second meal, went to Chu. Liao, the band master at the third meal, went to Cai. Que, the band master at the fourth meal, went to Qin. Fang Shu, the drum master, withdrew to the north of the river. Wu, the master of the hand drum, withdrew to the Han. Yang, the assistant music master, and Xiang, master of the musical stone, withdrew to an island in the sea.

18.10周公谓鲁公⑴曰：“君子不施⑵其亲，不使大臣怨乎不以。故旧无大故，则不弃也。无求备于一人！”

【译文】周公对鲁公说道：“君子不怠慢他的亲族，不让大臣抱怨没被信用。老臣故人没有发生严重过失，就不要抛弃他。不要对某一人求全责备！”

【英译】The duke of Zhou addressed his son, the duke of Lu, saying, "The virtuous prince does not neglect his relations. He does not cause the great ministers to repine at his not employing them. Without some great cause, he does not dismiss from their offices the members of old families. He does not seek in one man talents for every employment."

18.11周有八士：伯达、伯适、仲突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧⑴。

【译文】周朝有八个有教养的人：伯达、伯适、仲突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧。

【英译】To Zhou belonged the eight officers, Bo Da, Bo Kuo, Zhong Tu, Zhong Hu, Shu Ye, Shu Xia, Ji Sui, and Ji Gua.