里仁篇 第四

4.1子曰：“里⑴仁为美。择不处⑵仁，焉得知⑶？”

【译文】孔子说：“住的地方，要有仁德这才好。选择住处，没有仁德，怎么能是聪明呢？”

【英译】The Master said, "It is virtuous manners which constitute the excellence of a neighborhood. If a man in selecting a residence, do not fix on one where such prevail, how can he be wise?"

4.2子曰：“不仁者不可以久处约，不可以长处乐。仁者安仁，知者利仁。”

【译文】孔子说：“不仁的人不可以长久地居于穷困中，也不可以长久地居于安乐中。有仁德的人安于仁［实行仁德便心安，不实行仁德心便不安］；聪明人利用仁［他认识到仁德对他长远而巨大的利益，他便实行仁德］。”

【英译】The Master said, "Those who are without virtue cannot abide long either in a condition of poverty and hardship, or in a condition of enjoyment. The virtuous rest in virtue; the wise desire virtue."

4.3子曰：“唯仁者能好人，能恶人⑴。”

【译文】孔子说：“只有仁人才能够喜爱某人，厌恶某人。”

【英译】The Master said, "It is only the (truly) virtuous man, who can love, or who can hate, others."

4.4子曰：“苟志于仁矣，无恶也。”

【译文】孔子说：“假如立定志向实行仁德，总没有坏处。”

【英译】The Master said, "If the will be set on virtue, there will be no practice of wickedness."

4.5子曰：“富与贵，是人之所欲也；不以其道得之，不处也。贫与贱，是人之所恶也；不以其道得之⑴，不去也。君子去仁，恶乎⑵成名？君子无终食之间违⑶仁，造次必于是，颠沛必于是。”

【译文】孔子说：“发大财，做大官，这是人人所盼望的；不用正当的方法去得到它，君子不接受。穷困和下贱，这是人人所厌恶的；不用正当的方法去抛掉它，君子不摆脱。君子抛弃了仁德，怎样去成就他的声名呢？君子没有吃完一餐饭的时间离开仁德，就是在仓卒匆忙的时候一定和仁德同在，就是在颠沛流离的时候一定和仁德同在。”

【英译】The Master said, "Riches and honors are what men desire. If it cannot be obtained in the proper way, they should not be held. Poverty and meanness are what men dislike. If it cannot be avoided in the proper way, they should not be avoided. If a superior man abandon virtue, how can he fulfill the requirements of that name? The superior man does not, even for the space of a single meal, act contrary to virtue. In moments of haste, he cleaves to it. In seasons of danger, he cleaves to it."

4.6子曰：“我未见好仁者，恶不仁者。好仁者，无以尚⑴之；恶不仁者，其为仁矣⑵，不使不仁者加乎其身。有能一日用其力于仁矣乎？我未见力不足者。盖⑶有之矣，我未之见也。”

【译文】孔子说：“我不曾见到过爱好仁德的人和厌恶不仁德的人。爱好仁德的人，那是再好也没有的了；厌恶不仁德的人，他行仁德只是不使不仁德的东西加在自己身上。有谁能在某一天使用他的力量于仁德呢？我没见过力量不够的。大概这样人还是有的，我不曾见到罢了。”

【英译】The Master said, "I have not seen a person who loved virtue, or one who hated what was not virtuous. He who loved virtue, would esteem nothing above it. He who hated what is not virtuous, would practice virtue in such a way that he would not allow anything that is not virtuous to approach his person. Is any one able for one day to apply his strength to virtue? I have not seen the case in which his strength would be insufficient. Should there possibly be any such case, I have not seen it."

4.7子曰：“人之过也，各于其党。观过，斯知仁⑴矣。”

【译文】孔子说：“［人是各种各样的，人的错误也是各种各样的。］什么样的错误就是由什么样的人犯的。仔细考察某人所犯的错误，就可以知道他是什么样式的人了。”

【英译】The Master said, "The faults of men are characteristic of the class to which they belong. By observing a man's faults, it may be known that he is virtuous."

4.8子曰：“朝闻道，夕死可矣。”

【译文】孔子说：“早晨得知真理，要我当晚死去，都可以。”

【英译】The Master said, "If a man in the morning hear the right way, he may die in the evening without regret."

4.9子曰：“士志于道，而耻恶衣恶食者，未足与议也。”

【译文】孔子说：“读书人有志于真理，但又以自己吃粗粮穿破衣为耻辱，这种人，不值得同他商议了。”

【英译】The Master said, "A scholar, whose mind is set on truth, and who is ashamed of bad clothes and bad food, is not fit to be discoursed with."

4.10子曰：“君子之于天下也，无适⑴也，无莫⑴也，义之与比⑵。”

【译文】孔子说：“君子对于天下的事情，没规定要怎样干，也没规定不要怎样干，只要怎样干合理恰当，便怎样干。”

【英译】The Master said, "The superior man, in the world, does not set his mind either for anything, or against anything; what is right he will follow."

4.11子曰：“君子怀德，小人怀土⑴；君子怀刑⑵，小人怀惠。”

【译文】孔子说：“君子怀念道德，小人怀念乡土；君子关心法度，小人关心恩惠。”

【英译】The Master said, "The superior man thinks of virtue; the small man thinks of comfort. The superior man thinks of the sanctions of law; the small man thinks of favors which he may receive."

4.12子曰：“放⑴于利而行，多怨。”

【译文】 孔子说：“依据个人利益而行动，会招致很多的怨恨。”

【英译】The Master said: "He who acts with a constant view to his own advantage will be much murmured against."

4.13子曰：“能以礼让为国乎？何有⑴？不能以礼让为国，如礼何⑵？”

【译文】孔子说：“能够用礼让来治理国家吗？这有什么困难呢？如果不能用礼让来治理国家，又怎样来对待礼仪呢？”

【英译】The Master said, "If a prince is able to govern his kingdom with the complaisance proper to the rules of propriety, what difficulty will he have? If he cannot govern it with that complaisance, what has he to do with the rules of propriety?"

4.14子曰：“不患无位，患所以立⑴。不患莫己知，求为可知也。”

【译文】孔子说：“不发愁没有职位，只发愁没有任职的本领；不怕没有人知道自己，去追求足以使别人知道自己的本领好了。”

【英译】The Master said, "A man should say, I am not concerned that I have no place, I am concerned how I may fit myself for one. I am not concerned that I am not known, I seek to be worthy to be known."

4.15子曰：“参乎！吾道一以贯⑴之。”曾子曰：“唯。”子出，门人问曰：“何谓也？”曾子曰：“夫子之道，忠恕⑵而已矣。”

【译文】孔子说：“参呀！我的学说贯穿着一个基本观念。”曾子说：“是。”孔子走出去以后，别的学生便问曾子道：“这是什么意思”曾子道：“他老人家的学说，只是忠和恕罢了。”

【英译】The Master said, "Shen, my doctrine is that of an all-pervading unity." The disciple Zeng replied, "Yes." The Master went out, and the other disciples asked, saying, "What do his words mean?" Zeng said, "The doctrine of our master is to be true to the principles of our nature and the benevolent exercise of them to others, this and nothing more."

4.16子曰：“君子⑴喻于义，小人⑴喻于利。”

【译文】孔子说：“君子懂得的是义，小人懂得的是利。”

【英译】The Master said, "The mind of the superior man is conversant with righteousness; the mind of the mean man is conversant with gain."

4.17子曰：“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。”

【译文】孔子说：“看见贤人，便应该想向他看齐；看见不贤的人，便应该自己反省，［有没有同他类似的毛病。］”

【英译】The Master said, "When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves."

4.18子曰：“事父母几⑴谏，见志不从，又敬不违⑵，劳⑶而不怨。”

【译文】孔子说：“侍奉父母，［如果他们有不对的地方，］得轻微婉转地劝止，看到自己的心意没有被听从，仍然恭敬地不触犯他们，虽然忧愁，但不怨恨。”

【英译】The Master said, "In serving his parents, a son may remonstrate with them, but gently; when he sees that they do not incline to follow his advice, he shows an increased degree of reverence, but does not abandon his purpose; and should they punish him, he does not allow himself to murmur."

4.19子曰：“父母在，不远游，游必有方。”

【译文】孔子说：“父母在世，不出远门，如果要出远门，必须有一定的去处。”

【英译】The Master said, "While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance. If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes."

4.20子曰：“三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣⑴。”

【英译】The Master said, "If the son for three years does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial."

4.21子曰：“父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。”

【译文】孔子说：“父母的年纪不能不时时记在心里：一方面因［其高寿］而喜欢，另一方面又因［其寿高］而有所恐惧。”

【英译】The Master said, "The years of parents may by no means not be kept in the memory, as an occasion at once for joy and for fear."

4.22子曰：“古者言之不出，耻⑴躬之不逮⑵也。”

【译文】孔子说：“古时候言语不轻易出口，就是怕自己的行动赶不上。”

【英译】The Master said, "The reason why the ancients did not readily give utterance to their words, was that they feared lest their actions should not come up to them."

4.23子曰：“以约⑴失之者鲜矣。”

【译文】孔子说：“因为对自己节制、约束而犯过失的，这种事情总不会多。

【英译】The Master said, "The cautious seldom err."

4.24子曰：“君子欲讷⑴于言而敏于行⑵。”

【译文】孔子说：“君子言语要谨慎迟钝，工作要勤劳敏捷。”

【英译】The Master said, "The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech and earnest in his conduct."

4.25子曰：“德不孤，必有邻⑴。”

【译文】孔子说：“有道德的人不会孤单，一定会有［志同道合的人来和他做］伙伴。”

【英译】The Master said, "Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have neighbors."

4.26子游曰：“事君数⑴，斯辱矣；朋友数⑴，斯疏矣。”

【译文】子游说：“对待君主过于烦琐，就会招致侮辱；对待朋友过于烦琐，就会反被疏远。”

【英译】Zi You said, "In serving a prince, frequent remonstrances lead to disgrace. Between friends, frequent reproofs make the friendship distant." URN: ctp:analects/li-ren