公冶长篇 第五
主要记录孔子对当时人物的评价。
5.1子谓公冶长⑴,“可妻⑵也。虽在缧绁⑶之中,非其罪也。”以其子⑷妻之。
【译文】孔子说公冶长,“可以把女儿嫁给他。他虽然曾被关在监狱之中,但不是他的罪过。”便把自己的女儿嫁给他。
【英译】The Master said of Gong Ye Chang that he might be wived; although he was put in bonds, he had not been guilty of any crime. Accordingly, he gave him his own daughter to wife.
5.2子谓南容⑴,“邦有道,不废;邦无道,免于刑戮。”以其兄之子妻之⑵。
【译文】孔子说南容,“国家政治清明,[总有官做,]不被废弃;国家政治黑暗,也不致被刑罚。”于是把自己的侄女嫁给他。
【英译】The Master said of Nan Rong that if the country were well governed he would not be out of office, and if it were ill governed, he would escape punishment and disgrace. He gave him the daughter of his own elder brother to wife.
5.3子谓子贱⑴,“君子哉若人!鲁无君子者,斯焉取斯?”
【译文】孔子评论宓子贱,说:“这人是君子呀!假若鲁国没有君子,这种人从哪里取来这种好品德呢?”
【英译】The Master said of Zi Jian, "Of superior virtue indeed is such a man! If there were not virtuous men in Lu, how could this man have acquired this character?"
5.4子贡问曰:“赐也何如?”子曰:“女,器也。”曰:“何器也?”曰:“瑚琏⑴也。”
【译文】子贡问道:“我是一个怎样的人?”孔子道:“你好比是一个器皿。”子贡道:“什么器皿?”孔子道:“宗庙里盛黍稷的瑚琏。”
【英译】Zi Gong asked, "What do you say of me, Ci!" The Master said, "You are a utensil." "What utensil?" "A gemmed sacrificial utensil."
5.5或曰:“雍⑴也仁而不佞⑵。”子曰:“焉用佞?御人以口给⑶,屡憎于人。不知其仁⑷,焉用佞?”
【译文】有人说:“冉雍这个人有仁德,却没有口才。”孔子道:“何必要口才呢?强嘴利舌地同人家辩驳,常常被人讨厌。冉雍未必仁,但为什么要有口才呢?”
【英译】Some one said, "Yong is truly virtuous, but he is not ready with his tongue." The Master said, "What is the good of being ready with the tongue? They who encounter men with smartness of speech for the most part procure themselves hatred. I know not whether he be truly virtuous, but why should he show readiness of the tongue?"
5.6子使漆雕开⑴仕。对曰:“吾斯之未能信⑵。”子说。
【译文】孔子叫漆雕开去做官。他答道:“我对这个还没有信心。”孔子听了很欢喜。
【英译】The Master was wishing Qi Diao Kai to enter an official employment. He replied, "I am not yet able to rest in the assurance of THIS." The Master was pleased.
5.7子曰:“道不行,乘桴⑴浮于海。从⑵我者,其由与?”子路闻之喜。子曰:“由也好勇过我,无所取材⑶。”
【译文】孔子道:“主张行不通了,我想坐个木簰到海外去,跟随我的恐怕只有仲由吧!”子路听到这话,高兴得很。孔子说:“仲由这个人太好勇敢了,好勇的精神大大超过了我,这就没有什么可取的呀!”
【英译】The Master said, "My doctrines make no way. I will get upon a raft, and float about on the sea. He that will accompany me will be You, I dare to say." Zi Lu hearing this was glad, upon which the Master said, "You is fonder of daring than I am. He does not exercise his judgment upon matters."
5.8孟武伯问子路仁乎?子曰:“不知也。”又问。子曰:“由也,千乘之国,可使治其赋⑴也,不知其仁也。” “求也何如?”子曰:“求也,千室之邑⑵,百乘之家⑶,可使为之⑷宰⑸也,不知其仁也。” “赤也何如?”子曰:“赤也,束带立于朝,可使与宾客⑹言也,不知其仁也。”
【译文】孟武伯向孔子问子路有没有仁德。孔子道:“不晓得。”他又问。孔子道:“仲由啦,如果有一千辆兵车的国家,可以叫他负责兵役和军政的工作。至于他有没有仁德,我不晓得。” 孟武伯继续问:“冉求又怎么样呢?”,孔子道:“求啦,千户人口的私邑,可以叫他当县长;百辆兵车的大夫封地,可以叫他当总管。至于他有没有仁德,我不晓得。”。 “公西赤又怎么样呢?”。孔子道:“赤啦,穿着礼服,立于朝廷之中,可以叫他接待外宾,办理交涉。至于他有没有仁德,我不晓得。”
【英译】Meng Wu asked about Zi Lu, whether he was perfectly virtuous. The Master said, "I do not know." He asked again, when the Master replied, "You, in a kingdom of a thousand chariots, might be employed to manage the military levies, but I do not know whether he be perfectly virtuous." "And what do you say of Qiu?" The Master replied, "Qiu, in a city of a thousand families, or a clan of a hundred chariots, might be employed as governor, but I do not know whether he is perfectly virtuous." "What do you say of Chi?" The Master replied, "Chi, with his sash girt and standing in a court, might be employed to converse with the visitors and guests, but I do not know whether he is perfectly virtuous."
5.9子谓子贡曰:“女与回也孰愈?”对曰:“赐也何敢望回?回也闻一以知十,赐也闻一以知二。”子曰:“弗如也;吾与⑴女弗如也。”
【译文】孔子对子贡道:“你和颜回,哪一个强些?”子贡答道:“我么,怎敢和回相比?他啦,听到一件事,可以推演知道十件事;我咧,听到一件事,只能推知两件事。”孔子道:“赶不上他;我同意你的话,是赶不上他。”
【英译】The Master said to Zi Gong, "Which do you consider superior, yourself or Hui?" Zi Gong replied, "How dare I compare myself with Hui? Hui hears one point and knows all about a subject; I hear one point, and know a second." The Master said, "You are not equal to him. I grant you, you are not equal to him."
5.10宰予昼寝。子曰:“朽木不可雕也;粪土之墙不可杇⑴也;于予与何诛⑵”子曰⑶:“始吾于人也,听其言而信其行;今吾于人也,听其言而观其行。于予与改是。”
【译文】宰予在白天睡觉。孔子说:“腐烂了的木头雕刻不得,粪土似的墙壁粉刷不得;对于宰予么,不值得责备呀。”又说:“最初,我对人家,听到他的话,便相信他的行为;今天,我对人家,听到他的话,却要考察他的行为。从宰予的事件以后,我改变了态度。”
【英译】Zai Yu being asleep during the daytime, the Master said, "Rotten wood cannot be carved; a wall of dirty earth will not receive the trowel. This Yu! - what is the use of my reproving him?" The Master said, "At first, my way with men was to hear their words, and give them credit for their conduct. Now my way is to hear their words, and look at their conduct. It is from Yu that I have learned to make this change."
5.11子曰:“吾未见刚者。”或对曰:“申枨⑴。”子曰:“枨也欲,焉得刚?”
【译文】孔子道:“我没见过刚毅不屈的人。”有人答道:“申枨是这样的人。”孔子道:“申枨啦,他欲望太多,哪里能够刚毅不屈?”
【英译】The Master said, "I have not seen a firm and unbending man." Some one replied, "There is Shen Cheng." "Cheng," said the Master, "is under the influence of his passions; how can he be pronounced firm and unbending?"
5.12子贡曰:“我不欲人之加⑴诸我也,吾亦欲无加诸人。”子曰:“赐也,非尔所及也。”
【译文】子贡道:“我不想别人欺侮我,我也不想欺侮别人。”孔子说:“赐,这不是你能做到的。”
【英译】Zi Gong said, "What I do not wish men to do to me, I also wish not to do to men." The Master said, "Ci, you have not attained to that."
5.13子贡曰:“夫子之文章⑴,可得而闻也;夫子之言性⑵与天道⑶,不可得而闻也。”
【译文】子贡说:“老师关于文献方面的学问,我们听得到;老师辟于天性和天道的言论,我们听不到。”
【英译】Zi Gong said, "The Master's personal displays of his principles and ordinary descriptions of them may be heard. His discourses about man's nature, and the way of Heaven, cannot be heard."
5.14子路有闻,未之能行,唯恐有⑴闻。
【译文】子路有所闻,还没有能够去做,只怕又有所闻。
【英译】When Zi Lu heard anything, if he had not yet succeeded in carrying it into practice, he was only afraid lest he should hear something else.
5.15子贡问曰:“孔文子⑴何以谓之『文』也?”子曰:“敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之『文』也。”
【译文】子贡问道:“孔文子凭什么谥他为『文』?”孔子道:“他聪敏灵活,爱好学问,又谦虚下问,不以为耻,所以用『文』字做他的谥号。”
【英译】Zi Gong asked, saying, "On what ground did Kong Wen get that title of Wen?" The Master said, "He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors! On these grounds he has been styled Wen."
5.16子谓子产⑴,“有君子之道四焉:其行己也恭,其事上也敬,其养民也惠,其使民也义。”
【译文】孔子评论子产,说:“他有四种行为合于君子之道:他自己的容颜态度庄严恭敬,他对待君上负责认真,他教养人民有恩惠,他役使人民合于道理。
【英译】The Master said of Zi Chan that he had four of the characteristics of a superior man - in his conduct of himself, he was humble; in serving his superior, he was respectful; in nourishing the people, he was kind; in ordering the people, he was just.
5.17子曰:“晏平仲⑴善与人交,久而敬之⑵。”
【译文】孔子说:“晏平仲善于和别人交朋友,相交越久,别人越发恭敬他。”
【英译】The Master said, "Yan Ping knew well how to maintain friendly intercourse. The acquaintance might be long, but he showed the same respect as at first."
5.18子曰:“臧文仲⑴居蔡⑵,山节藻梲⑵,何如其知⑷也?”
【译文】孔子说:“臧文仲替一种叫蔡的大乌龟盖了一间屋,有雕刻着像山一样的斗栱和画着藻草的梁上短柱,这个人的聪明怎么这样呢?”
【英译】The Master said, "Zang Wen kept a large tortoise in a house, on the capitals of the pillars of which he had hills made, and with representations of duckweed on the small pillars above the beams supporting the rafters. Of what sort was his wisdom?"
5.19子张问曰:“令尹子文⑴三仕⑵为令尹,无喜色;三已⑵之,无愠色。旧令尹之政,必以告新令尹。何如?”子曰:“忠矣。”曰:“仁矣乎?”曰:“未知⑶;——焉得仁?”“崔子弒齐君⑷,陈文子⑸有马十乘,弃而违之。至于他邦,则曰,『犹吾大夫崔子也。』违之。之一邦,则又曰:『犹吾大夫崔子也。』违之。何如?”子曰:“清矣。”曰:“仁矣乎?”曰:“未知⑶;——焉得仁?”
【译文】子张问道:“楚国的令尹子文三次做令尹的官,没有高兴的颜色;三次被罢免,没有怨恨的颜色。[每次交代,]一定把自己的一切政令全部告诉接位的人。这个人怎么样?”孔子道:“可算尽忠于国家了。”子张道:“算不算仁呢?”孔子道:“不晓得;——这怎么能算是仁呢?” 子张又问:“崔杼无理地杀掉齐庄公,陈文子有四十匹马,舍弃不要,离开齐国。到了另一个国家,说道:『这里的执政者同我们的崔子差不多。』又离开。又到了一国,又说道:『这里的执政者同我们的崔子差不多。』于是又离开。这个人怎么样?”孔子道:“清白得很。”子张道:“算不算仁呢?”孔子道:“不晓得;——这怎么能算是仁呢?”
【英译】Zi Zhang asked, saying, "The minister Zi Wen thrice took office, and manifested no joy in his countenance. Thrice he retired from office, and manifested no displeasure. He made it a point to inform the new minister of the way in which he had conducted the government - what do you say of him?" The Master replied. "He was loyal." "Was he perfectly virtuous?" "I do not know. How can he be pronounced perfectly virtuous?" Zi Zhang proceeded, "When the officer Cui killed the prince of Qi, Chen Wen, though he was the owner of forty horses, abandoned them and left the country. Coming to another state, he said, 'They are here like our great officer, Cui,' and left it. He came to a second state, and again said 'They are here like our great officer, Cui,' and left it also - what do you say of him?" The Master replied, "He was pure." "Was he perfectly virtuous?" "I do not know. How can he be pronounced perfectly virtuous?"
5.20季文子⑴三思⑵而后行。子闻之,曰:“再⑶,斯可矣。”
【译文】季文子每件事考虑多次才行动。孔子听到了,说:“想两次也就可以了。”
【英译】Ji Wen thought thrice, and then acted. When the Master was informed of it, he said, "Twice may do."
5.21子曰:“宁武子⑴,邦有道,则知;邦无道,则愚⑵。其知可及也,其愚不可及也。”
【译文】孔子说:“宁武子在国家太平时节,便聪明;在国家昏暗时节,便装儍。他那聪明,别人赶得上;那装儍,别人就赶不上了。”
【英译】The Master said, "When good order prevailed in his country, Ning Wu acted the part of a wise man. When his country was in disorder, he acted the part of a stupid man. Others may equal his wisdom, but they cannot equal his stupidity."
5.22子在陈⑴,曰:“归与!归与!吾党之小子狂简,斐然成章,不知所以裁之⑵。”
【译文】孔子在陈国,说:“回去吧!回去吧!我们那里的学生们志向高大得很,文彩又都斐然可观,我不知道怎样去指导他们。”
【英译】When the Master was in Chen, he said, "Let me return! Let me return! The little children of my school are ambitious and too hasty. They are accomplished and complete so far, but they do not know how to restrict and shape themselves."
5.23子曰:“伯夷、叔齐⑴不念旧恶⑵,怨是用希。”
【译文】孔子说:“伯夷、叔齐这两兄弟不记念过去的仇恨,别人对他们的怨恨也就很少。”
【英译】The Master said, "Bo Yi and Shu Qi did not keep the former wickednesses of men in mind, and hence the resentments directed towards them were few."
5.24子曰:“孰谓微生高⑴直?或乞酰⑵焉,乞诸其邻而与之。”
【译文】孔子说:“谁说微生高这个人直爽?有人向他讨点醋,[他不说自己没有,]却到邻人那里转讨一点给人。”
【英译】The Master said, "Who says of Wei Sheng Gao that he is upright? One begged some vinegar of him, and he begged it of a neighbor and gave it to the man."
5.25子曰:“巧言、令色、足⑴恭,左丘明⑵耻之,丘亦耻之。匿怨而友其人,左丘明耻之,丘亦耻之。”
【译文】孔子说:“花言巧语,伪善的容貌,十足的恭顺,这种态度,左丘明认为可耻,我也认为可耻。内心藏着怨恨,表面上却同他要好,这种行为,左丘明认为可耻,我也认为可耻。”
【英译】The Master said, "Fine words, an insinuating appearance, and excessive respect - Zuo Qiu Ming was ashamed of them. I also am ashamed of them. To conceal resentment against a person, and appear friendly with him - Zuo Qiu Ming was ashamed of such conduct. I also am ashamed of it."
5.26颜渊季路侍⑴。子曰:“盍⑵各言尔志?”子路曰:“愿车马衣轻(轻字当删)裘与朋友共敝之而无憾。⑶”颜渊曰:“愿无伐善,无施⑷劳。子路曰:“愿闻子之志。”子曰:“老者安之,朋友信之,少者怀之⑸。”
【译文】孔子坐着,颜渊、季路两人站在孔子身边。孔子道:“何不各人说说自己的志向?”子路道:“愿意把我的车马衣服同朋友共同使用坏了也没有什么不满。”颜渊道:“愿意不夸耀自己的好处,不表白自己的功劳。”子路向孔子道:“希望听到您的志向。”孔子道:“[我的志向是,]老者使他安逸,朋友使他信任我,年青人使他怀念我。”
【英译】Yan Yuan and Ji Lu being by his side, the Master said to them, "Come, let each of you tell his wishes." Zi Lu said, "I should like, having chariots and horses, and light fur clothes, to share them with my friends, and though they should spoil them, I would not be displeased." Yan Yuan said, "I should like not to boast of my excellence, nor to make a display of my meritorious deeds." Zi Lu then said, "I should like, sir, to hear your wishes." The Master said, "They are, in regard to the aged, to give them rest; in regard to friends, to show them sincerity; in regard to the young, to treat them tenderly."
5.27子曰:“已矣乎,吾未见能见其过而内自讼者也。”
【译文】孔子说:“算了吧,我没有看见过能够看到自己的错误便自我责备的哩。”
【英译】The Master said, "It is all over. I have not yet seen one who could perceive his faults, and inwardly accuse himself."
5.28子曰:“十室之邑,必有忠信如丘者焉,不如丘之好学也。”
【译文】孔子说:“就是十户人家的地方,一定有像我这样又忠心又信实的人,祗是赶不上我的喜欢学问罢了。”
【英译】The Master said, "In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honorable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning."
书香四溢 · 尽在纸书
如果您有所收获,请考虑购买正版纸质书籍,以作深入研读与收藏。