雍也篇 第六
记录孔子和弟子们的言行,继续探讨仁德。
6.1子曰:“雍也可使南面⑴。”
【译文】孔子说:“冉雍这个人,可以让他做一部门或一地方的长官。”
【英译】The Master said, "There is Yong - he might occupy the place of a prince."
6.2仲弓问子桑伯子⑴。子曰:“可也简⑵。”仲弓曰:“居敬而行简,以临其民,不亦可乎?居简而行简,无乃⑶大⑷简乎?”子曰:“雍之言然。”
【译文】仲弓问到子桑伯子这个人。孔子道:“他简单得好。”仲弓道:“若存心严肃认真,而以简单行之,[抓大体,不烦琐,]来治理百姓,不也可以吗?若存心简单,又以简单行之,不是太简单了吗?”孔子道:“你这番话正确。”
【英译】Zhong Gong asked about Zi Sang Bo Zi. The Master said, "He may pass. He does not mind small matters." Zhong Gong said, "If a man cherish in himself a reverential feeling of the necessity of attention to business, though he may be easy in small matters in his government of the people, that may be allowed. But if he cherish in himself that easy feeling, and also carry it out in his practice, is not such an easymode of procedure excessive?" The Master said, "Yong's words are right."
6.3哀公问:“弟子孰为好学?”孔子对曰:“有颜回者好学,不迁怒,不贰过。不幸短命⑴死矣,今也则亡,未闻好学者也。”
【译文】鲁哀公问:“你的学生中,哪个好学?”孔子答道:“有一个叫颜回的人好学,不拿别人出气;也不再犯同样的过失。不幸短命死了,现在再没有这样的人了,再也没听过好学的人了。”
【英译】The Duke Ai asked which of the disciples loved to learn. Confucius replied to him, "There was Yan Hui; HE loved to learn. He did not transfer his anger; he did not repeat a fault. Unfortunately, his appointed time was short and he died; and now there is not such another. I have not yet heard of any one who loves to learn as he did."
6.4子华⑴使⑵于齐,冉子⑶为其母请粟⑷。子曰:“与之釜⑸。” 请益。曰:“与之庾⑹。” 冉子与之粟五秉⑺。 子曰:“赤之适齐也,乘肥马⑻,衣⑼轻裘。吾闻之也:君子周⑽急不继富。”
【译文】公西华被派到齐国去作使者,冉有替他母亲向孔子请求小米。孔子道:“给他六斗四升。” 冉有请求增加。孔子道:“再给他二斗四升。” 冉有却给了他八十石。 孔子道:“公西赤到齐国去,坐着由肥马驾的车辆,穿着又轻又暖的皮袍。我听说过:君子只是雪里送炭,不去锦上添花。“
【英译】Zi Hua being employed on a mission to Qi, the disciple Ran requested grain for his mother. The Master said, "Give her a fu." Ran requested more. "Give her an yu," said the Master. Ran gave her five bing. The Master said, "When Chi was proceeding to Qi, he had fat horses to his carriage, and wore light furs. I have heard that a superior man helps the distressed, but does not add to the wealth of the rich."
6.5原思⑴为之⑵宰,与之粟九百⑶,辞。子曰:“毋!以与尔邻里乡党⑷乎!”
【译文】原思任孔子家的总管,孔子给他小米九百,他不肯受。孔子道:“别辞,有多的,给你地方上[的穷人]吧!”
【英译】Yuan Si being made governor of his town by the Master, he gave him nine hundred measures of grain, but Si declined them. The Master said, "Do not decline them. May you not give them away in the neighborhoods, hamlets, towns, and villages?"
6.6子谓仲弓,曰:“犂牛⑴之子骍⑵且角⑶;虽欲勿用⑷,山川其⑸舍诸⑹?”
【译文】孔子谈到冉雍,说:“耕牛的儿子长着赤色的毛,整齐的角,虽然不想用它作牺牲来祭祀,山川之神难道会舍弃它吗?”
【英译】The Master, speaking of Zhong Gong, said, "If the calf of a brindled cow be red and horned, although men may not wish to use it, would the spirits of the mountains and rivers put it aside?"
6.7子曰:“回也,其心三月⑴不违仁,其余则日月⑴至焉而已矣。”
【译文】孔子说:“颜回呀,他的心长久地不离开仁德,别的学生么,只是短时期偶然想起一下罢了。”
【英译】The Master said, "Such was Hui that for three months there would be nothing in his mind contrary to perfect virtue. The others may attain to this on some days or in some months, but nothing more."
6.8季康子问:“仲由可使从政也与?”子曰:“由也果,于从政乎何有?”曰:“赐也可使从政也与?”曰:“赐也达,于从政乎何有?”曰:“求也可使从政也与?”曰:“求也艺,于从政乎何有?”
【译文】季康子问孔子:“仲由这人,可以使用他治理政事么?”孔子道:“仲由果敢决断,让他治理政事有什么困难呢?”又问:“端木赐可以使用他治理政事么?”孔子道:“端木赐通情达理,让他治理政事有什么困难呢?”又问:“冉求可以使用他治理政事么?”孔子道:“冉求多才多艺,让他治理政事有什么困难呢?”
【英译】Ji Kang asked about Zhong You, whether he was fit to be employed as an officer of government. The Master said, "You is a man of decision; what difficulty would he find in being an officer of government?" Kang asked, "Is Ci fit to be employed as an officer of government?" and was answered, "Ci is a man of intelligence; what difficulty would he find in being an officer of government?" Asked, "Is Qui fit to be employed as an officer of government?" the master replied, "Qiu is a man of various ability; what difficulty would he find in being an officer of government?""
6.9季氏使闵子骞⑴为费⑵宰。闵子骞曰:“善为我辞焉!如有复我者,则吾必在汶上⑶矣。”
【译文】季氏叫闵子骞作他采邑费地的县长。闵子骞对来人说道:“好好地替我辞掉吧!若是再来找我的话,那我一定会逃到汶水之北去了。”
【英译】The chief of the Ji family sent to ask Min Zi Qian to be governor of Fei. Min Zi Qian said, "Decline the offer for me politely. If any one come again to me with a second invitation, I shall be obliged to go and live on the banks of the Wen."
6.10伯牛⑴有疾,子问之,自牖执其手,曰:“亡之⑵,命矣夫!斯人也而有斯疾也!斯人也而有斯疾也!”
【译文】伯牛生了病,孔子去探问他,从窗户里握着他的手,道:“难得活了,这是命呀,这样的人竟有这样的病!这样的人竟有这样的病!”
【英译】Bo Niu being ill, the Master went to ask for him. He took hold of his hand through the window, and said, "It is killing him. It is the appointment of Heaven, alas! That such a man should have such a sickness! That such a man should have such a sickness!"
6.11子曰:“贤哉,回也!一箪⑴食,一瓢饮,在陋巷,人不堪其忧,回也不改其乐。贤哉,回也!”
【译文】孔子说:“颜回多么有修养呀,一竹筐饭,一瓜瓢水,住在小巷子里,别人都受不了那穷苦的忧愁,颜回却不改变他自有的快乐。颜回多么有修养呀!”
【英译】The Master said, "Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui! With a single bamboo dish of rice, a single gourd dish of drink, and living in his mean narrow lane, while others could not have endured the distress, he did not allow his joy to be affected by it. Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui!"
6.12冉求曰:“非不说子之道,力不足也。”子曰:“力不足者⑴,中道而废。今女画⑵。”
【译文】冉求道:“不是我不喜欢您的学说,是我力量不够。”孔子道:“如果真是力量不够,走到半道会再走不动了。现在你却没有开步走。”
【英译】Ran Qiu said, "It is not that I do not delight in your doctrines, but my strength is insufficient." The Master said, "Those whose strength is insufficient give over in the middle of the way but now you limit yourself."
6.13子谓子夏曰:“女为君子儒!无为小人儒!”
【译文】孔子对子夏道:“你要去做个君子式的儒者,不要去做那小人式的儒者!”
【英译】The Master said to Zi Xia, "Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man."
6.14子游为武城⑴宰。子曰:“女得人焉耳⑵乎?”曰:“有澹台灭明者⑶,行不由径,非公事,未尝至于偃之室也。”
【译文】子游做武城县县长。孔子道:“你在这儿得到什么人才没有?”他道:“有一个叫澹台灭明的人,走路不插小道,不是公事,从不到我屋里来。”
【英译】Zi You being governor of Wu Cheng, the Master said to him, "Have you got good men there?" He answered, "There is Dan Tai Mie Ming, who never in walking takes a short cut, and excepting on public business never comes to my office."
6.15子曰:“孟之反⑴不伐,奔而殿,将入门,策其马,曰:『非敢后也,马不进也。』”
【译文】孔子说:“孟之反不夸耀自己,[在抵御齐国的战役中,右翼的军队溃退了,]他走在最后,掩护全军,将进城门,便鞭打着马匹,一面说道:『不是我敢于殿后,是马匹不肯快走的缘故。』”
【英译】The Master said, "Meng Zhi Fan does not boast of his merit. Being in the rear on an occasion of flight, when they were about to enter the gate, he whipped up his horse, saying, 'It is not that I dare to be last. My horse would not advance.'"
6.16子曰:“不有⑴祝鮀⑵之佞,而⑶有宋朝⑷之美,难乎免于今之世矣。”
【译文】孔子说:“假使没有祝鮀的口才,而仅有宋朝的美丽,在今天的社会里怕不易避免祸害了。”
【英译】The Master said, "Without the specious speech of the litanist Tuo and the beauty of the prince Zhao of Song, it is difficult to escape in the present age."
6.17子曰:“谁能出不由户?何莫由斯道也?”
【译文】孔子说:“谁能够走出屋外不从房门经过?为什么没有人从我这条路行走呢?”
【英译】The Master said, "Who can go out but by the door? How is it that men will not walk according to these ways?"
6.18子曰:“质胜文则野,文胜质则史。文质彬彬⑴,然后君子。”
【译文】孔子说:“朴实多于文采,就未免粗野;文采多于朴实,又未免虚浮。文采和朴实,配合适当,这才是个君子。”
【英译】The Master said, "Where the solid qualities are in excess of accomplishments, we have rusticity; where the accomplishments are in excess of the solid qualities, we have the manners of a clerk. When the accomplishments and solid qualities are equally blended, we then have the man of virtue."
6.19子曰:“人之生也⑴直,罔⑵之生也幸而免。”
【译文】孔子说:“人的生存由于正直,不正直的人也可以生存,那是他侥幸地免于祸害。”
【英译】The Master said, "Man is born for uprightness. If a man lose his uprightness, and yet live, his escape from death is the effect of mere good fortune."
6.20子曰:“知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。”
【译文】孔子说:“[对于任何学问和事业,]懂得它的人不如喜爱它的人,喜爱它的人又不如以它为乐的人。”
【英译】The Master said, "They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it."
6.21子曰:“中人以上,可以语上也;中人以下,不可以语上也。”
【译文】孔子说:“中等水平以上的人,可以告诉他高深学问;中等水平以下的人,不可以告诉他高深学问。”
【英译】The Master said, "To those whose talents are above mediocrity, the highest subjects may be announced. To those who are below mediocrity, the highest subjects may not be announced."
6.22樊迟问知。子曰:“务民之义,敬鬼神而远之⑴,可谓知矣。”问仁。曰:“仁者先难⑵而后获,可谓仁矣。”
【译文】樊迟问怎么样才算聪明。孔子道:“把心力专一地放在使人民走向『义』上,严肃地对待鬼神,但并不打算接近他,可以说是聪明了。”又问怎么样才叫做有仁德。孔子道:“仁德的人付出一定的力量,然后收获果实,可以说是仁德了。”
【英译】Fan Chi asked what constituted wisdom. The Master said, "To give one's self earnestly to the duties due to men, and, while respecting spiritual beings, to keep aloof from them, may be called wisdom." He asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "The man of virtue makes the difficulty to be overcome his first business, and success only a subsequent consideration - this may be called perfect virtue."
6.23子曰:“知者乐水,仁者乐山。知者动,仁者静。知者乐,仁者寿。”
【译文】孔子说:“聪明人乐于水,仁人乐于山。聪明人活动,仁人沉静。聪明人快乐,仁人长寿。”
【英译】The Master said, "The wise find pleasure in water; the virtuous find pleasure in hills. The wise are active; the virtuous are tranquil. The wise are joyful; the virtuous are long-lived."
6.24子曰:“齐一变,至于鲁;鲁一变,至于道。”
【译文】孔子说:“齐国[的政治和教育]一有改革,便达到鲁国的样子;鲁国[的政治和教育]一有改革,便进而合于大道了。”
【英译】The Master said, "Qi, by one change, would come to the State of Lu. Lu, by one change, would come to a State where true principles predominated."
6.25子曰:“觚⑴不觚,觚哉!觚哉!”
【译文】孔子说:“觚不像个觚,这是觚吗!这是觚吗!”
【英译】The Master said, "A cornered vessel without corners - a strange cornered vessel! A strange cornered vessel!"
6.26宰我问曰:“仁者,虽告之曰,『井有仁⑴焉。』其从之也?”子曰:“何为其然也?君子可逝⑵也,不可陷也;可欺⑶也,不可罔⑷也。”
【译文】宰我问道:“有仁德的人,就是告诉他,『井里掉下一位仁人啦。』他是不是会跟着下去呢?”孔子道:“为什么你要这样做呢?君子可以叫他远远走开不再回来,却不可以陷害他;可以欺骗他,却不可以愚弄他。”
【英译】Zai Wo asked, saying, "A benevolent man, though it be told him, 'There is a man in the well' will go in after him, I suppose." Confucius said, "Why should he do so? A superior man may be made to go to the well, but he cannot be made to go down into it. He may be imposed upon, but he cannot be fooled."
6.27子曰:“君子博学于文,约之以礼⑴,亦可以弗畔⑵矣夫!”
【译文】孔子说:“君子广泛地学习文献,再用礼节来加以约束,也就可以不致于离经叛道了。”
【英译】The Master said, "The superior man, extensively studying all learning, and keeping himself under the restraint of the rules of propriety, may thus likewise not overstep what is right."
6.28子见南子⑴,子路不说。夫子矢之曰:“予所⑵否者,天厌之!天厌之!”
【译文】孔子去和南子相见,子路不高兴。孔子发誓道:“我假若不对的话,天厌弃我罢!天厌弃我罢!”
【英译】The Master having visited Nan Zi, Zi Lu was displeased, on which the Master swore, saying, "Wherein I have done improperly, may Heaven reject me! may Heaven reject me!"
6.29子曰:“中庸⑴之为德也,其至矣乎!民⑵鲜久矣。”
【译文】孔子说:“中庸这种道德,该是最高的了,大家已经是长久地缺乏它了。”
【英译】The Master said, "Perfect is the virtue which is according to the Constant Mean! Rare for a long time has been its practice among the people."
6.30子贡曰:“如有博施⑴于民而能济众,何如?可谓仁乎?”子曰:“何事于仁!必也圣乎!尧舜⑵其犹病诸!夫⑶仁者,己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人。能近取譬,可谓仁之方也已。”
【译文】子贡道:“假若有这么一个人,广泛地给人民以好处,又能帮助大家生活得很好,怎么样?可以说是仁道了吗?”孔子道:“哪里仅是仁道!那一定是圣德了!尧舜或者都难以做到哩!仁是甚么呢?自己要站得住,同时也使别人站得住;自己要事事行得通,同时也使别人事事行得通。能够就眼下的事实选择例子一步步去做,可以说是实践仁道的方法了。”
【英译】Zi Gong said, "Suppose the case of a man extensively conferring benefits on the people, and able to assist all, what would you say of him? Might he be called perfectly virtuous?" The Master said, "Why speak only of virtue in connection with him? Must he not have the qualities of a sage? Even Yao and Shun were still solicitous about this. Now the man of perfect virtue, wishing to be established himself, seeks also to establish others; wishing to be enlarged himself, he seeks also to enlarge others. To be able to judge of others by what is nigh in ourselves - this may be called the art of virtue."
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