述而篇 第七
主要记录孔子的自我评价、治学态度和言行。
7.1子曰:“述而不作,信而好古⑴,窃比于我老彭⑵。”
【译文】孔子说:“阐述而不创作,以相信的态度喜爱古代文化,我私自和我那老彭相比。”
【英译】The Master said, "A transmitter and not a maker, believing in and loving the ancients, I venture to compare myself with our old Peng."
7.2子曰:“默而识⑴之,学而不厌,诲人不倦,何有于我哉⑵?”
【译文】孔子说:“[把所见所闻的]默默地记在心里,努力学习而不厌弃,教导别人而不疲倦,这些事情我做到了哪些呢?”
【英译】The Master said, "The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied - which one of these things belongs to me?"
7.3子曰:“德之不修,学之不讲,闻义不能徙,不善不能改,是吾忧也。”
【译文】孔子说:“品德不培养;学问不讲习;听到义在那里,却不能亲身赴之;有缺点不能改正,这些都是我的忧虑哩!”
【英译】The Master said, "The learning virtue without proper cultivation; the not thoroughly discussing what is learned; not being able to move towards righteousness of which a knowledge is gained; and not being able to change what is not good - these are the things which occasion me solicitude."
7.4子之燕居,申申⑴如也,夭夭⑵如也。
【译文】孔子在家闲居,很整齐的,很和乐而舒展的。
【英译】When the Master was unoccupied with business, his manner was easy, and he looked pleased.
7.5子曰:“甚矣吾衰也!久矣吾不复梦见周公⑴!”
【译文】孔子说:“我衰老得多么厉害呀!我好长时间没再梦见周公了!”
【英译】The Master said, "Extreme is my decay. For a long time, I have not dreamed, as I was wont to do, that I saw the duke of Zhou."
7.6子曰:“志于道,据于德,依于仁,游于艺⑴。”
【译文】孔子说:“目标在『道』,根据在『德』,依靠在『仁』,而游憩于礼、乐、射、御、书、数六艺之中。”
【英译】The Master said, "Let the will be set on the path of duty. Let every attainment in what is good be firmly grasped. Let perfect virtue be accorded with. Let relaxation and enjoyment be found in the polite arts."
7.7子曰:“自行束修⑴以上,吾未尝无诲焉。”
【译文】孔子说:“只要是主动地给我一点见面薄礼,我从没有不教诲的。”
【英译】The Master said, "From the man bringing his bundle of dried flesh for my teaching upwards, I have never refused instruction to any one."
7.8子曰:“不愤⑴不启,不悱⑵不发⑶。举一隅不以三隅反,则不复也。”
【译文】孔子说:“教导学生,不到他想求明白而不得的时候,不去开导他;不到他想说出来却说不出的时候,不去启发他。教给他东方,他却不能由此推知西、南、北三方,便不再教他了。”
【英译】The Master said, "I do not open up the truth to one who is not eager to get knowledge, nor help out any one who is not anxious to explain himself. When I have presented one corner of a subject to any one, and he cannot from it learn the other three, I do not repeat my lesson."
7.9子食于有丧者之侧,未尝饱也。
【译文】孔子在死了亲属的人旁边吃饭,不曾吃饱过。
【英译】When the Master was eating by the side of a mourner, he never ate to the full.
7.10子于是日哭,则不歌。
【译文】孔子在这一天哭泣过,就不再唱歌。
【英译】On a day when the master had wept, he did not sing.
7.11子谓颜渊曰:“用之则行,舍之则藏,惟我与尔有是夫!”子路曰:“子行三军,则谁与⑴?”子曰:“暴虎冯河⑵,死而无悔者,吾不与也。必也临事而惧,好谋而成者也。”
【译文】孔子对颜渊道:“用我呢,就干起来;不用呢,就藏起来。只有我和你才能这样吧!”子路道:“您若率领军队,找谁共事?”孔子道:“赤手空拳和老虎搏斗,不用船只去渡河,这样死了都不后悔的人,我是不和他共事的。[我所找他共事的,]一定是面临任务便恐惧谨慎,善于谋略而能完成的人哩!”
【英译】The Master said to Yan Yuan, "When called to office, to undertake its duties; when not so called, to lie retired - it is only I and you who have attained to this." Zi Lu said, "If you had the conduct of the armies of a great state, whom would you have to act with you?" The Master said, "He who will unarmed attack a tiger, or cross a river without a boat, dying without any regret, I would not have act with me. My associate must be the man who proceeds to action full of solicitude, who is fond of adjusting his plans, and then carries them into execution."
7.12子曰:“富而⑴可求也,虽执鞭之士⑵,吾亦为之。如不可求,从吾所好。”
【译文】孔子说:“财富如果可以求得的话,就是做市场的守门卒我也干。如果求它不到,还是我干我的罢。”
【英译】The Master said, "If the search for riches is sure to be successful, though I should become a groom with whip in hand to get them, I will do so. As the search may not be successful, I will follow after that which I love."
7.13子之所慎:齐⑴,战,疾⑵。
【译文】孔子所小心慎重的事有三样:斋戒,战争,疾病。
【英译】The things in reference to which the Master exercised the greatest caution were - fasting, war, and sickness.
7.14子在齐闻韶,三月不知肉味,曰:“不图为乐之至于斯也。”
【译文】孔子在齐国听到韶的乐章,很长时间尝不出肉味,于是道:“想不到欣赏音乐竟到了这种境界。”
【英译】When the Master was in Qi, he heard the Shao, and for three months did not know the taste of flesh. He said, "I did not think that music could have been made so excellent as this."
7.15冉有曰:“夫子为⑴卫君⑵乎?”子贡曰:“诺;吾将问之。”入,曰:“伯夷、叔齐何人也?”曰:“古之贤人也。”曰:“怨乎?”曰:“求仁而得仁,又何怨?”出,曰:“夫子不为也。”
【译文】冉有道:“老师赞成卫君吗?”子贡道:“好罢;我去问问他。”子贡进到孔子屋里,道:“伯夷、叔齐是什么样的人?”孔子道:“是古代的贤人。”子贡道:“[他们两人互相推让,都不肯做孤竹国的国君,结果都跑到国外,]是不是后来又怨悔呢?”孔子道:“他们求仁德,便得到了仁德,又怨悔什么呢?”子贡走出,答复冉有道:“老师不赞成卫君。”
【英译】Ran You said, "Is our Master for the ruler of Wei?" Zi Gong said, "Oh! I will ask him." He went in accordingly, and said, "What sort of men were Bo Yi and Shu Qi?" "They were ancient worthies," said the Master. "Did they have any repinings because of their course?" The Master again replied, "They sought to act virtuously, and they did so; what was there for them to repine about?" On this, Zi Gong went out and said, "Our Master is not for him."
7.16子曰:“饭疏食⑴饮水⑵,曲肱⑶而枕⑷之,乐亦在其中矣。不义而富且贵,于我如浮云。”
【译文】孔子说:“吃粗粮,喝冷水,弯着胳膊做枕头,也有着乐趣。干不正当的事而得来的富贵,我看来好像浮云。”
【英译】The Master said, "With coarse rice to eat, with water to drink, and my bended arm for a pillow; I have still joy in the midst of these things. Riches and honors acquired by unrighteousness, are to me as a floating cloud."
7.17子曰:“加我数年,五十以学《易》⑴,可以无大过矣。”
【译文】孔子说:“让我多活几年,到五十岁时候去学习《易经》,便可以没有大过错了。”
【英译】The Master said, "If some years were added to my life, I would give fifty to the study of the Yi, and then I might come to be without great faults."
7.18子所雅言⑴,《诗》、《书》、执礼,皆雅言也。
【译文】孔子有用普通话的时候,读《诗》,读《书》,行礼,都用普通话。
【英译】The Master's frequent themes of discourse were: the Odes, the History, and the maintenance of the Rules of Propriety. On all these he frequently discoursed.
7.19叶公⑴问孔子于子路,子路不对。子曰:“女奚不曰,其为人也,发愤忘食,乐以忘忧,不知老之将至云尔⑵。”
【译文】叶公向子路问孔子为人怎么样,子路不回答。孔子对子路道:“你为什么不这样说:他的为人,用功便忘记吃饭,快乐便忘记忧愁,不晓得衰老会要到来,如此罢了。”
【英译】The Duke of She asked Zi Lu about Confucius, and Zi Lu did not answer him. The Master said, "Why did you not say to him, 'He is simply a man, who in his eager pursuit of knowledge forgets his food, who in the joy of its attainment forgets his sorrows, and who does not perceive that old age is coming on?'"
7.20子曰:“我非生而知之者,好古,敏以求之者也。”
【译文】孔子说:“我不是生来就有知识的人,而是爱好古代文化,勤奋敏捷去求得来的人。”
【英译】The Master said, "I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there."
7.21子不语怪,力,乱,神。
【译文】孔子不谈怪异、勇力、叛乱和鬼神。
【英译】The subjects on which the Master did not talk, were: extraordinary things, feats of strength, disorder, and spiritual beings.
7.22子曰:“三人行,必有我师焉:择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之⑴。”
【译文】孔子说:“几个人一块走路,其中便一定有可以为我所取法的人:我选取那些优点而学习,看出那些缺点而改正。”
【英译】 The Master said, "When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them."
7.23子曰:“天生德于予,桓魋⑴其如予何⑵?”
【译文】孔子说:“天在我身上生了这样的品德,那桓魋将把我怎样?”
【英译】The Master said, "Heaven produced the virtue that is in me. Huan Tui - what can he do to me?"
7.24子曰:“二三子以我为隐乎?吾无隐乎尔。吾无行而不与二三子者,是丘也。”
【译文】孔子说:“你们这些学生以为我有所隐瞒吗?我对你们是没有隐瞒的。我没有一点不向你们公开,这就是我孔丘的为人”
【英译】The Master said, "Do you think, my disciples, that I have any concealments? I conceal nothing from you. There is nothing which I do that is not shown to you, my disciples; that is my way."
7.25子以四教:文,行⑴,忠,信。
【译文】孔子用四种内容教育学生:历代文献,社会生活的实践,对待别人的忠心,与人交际的信实。
【英译】There were four things which the Master taught: letters, ethics, devotion of soul, and truthfulness.
7.26子曰:“圣人,吾不得而见之矣;得见君子者,斯可矣。”子曰:“善人,吾不得而见之矣;得见有恒⑴者,斯可矣。亡而为有,虚而为盈,约而为泰⑵,难乎有恒矣。”
【译文】孔子说:“圣人,我不能看见了;能看见君子,就可以了。”又说:“善人,我不能看见了,能看见有一定操守的人,就可以了。本来没有,却装做有;本来空虚,却装做充足;本来穷困,却要豪华,这样的人便难于保持一定操守了。”
【英译】The Master said, "A sage it is not mine to see; could I see a man of real talent and virtue, that would satisfy me." The Master said, "A good man it is not mine to see; could I see a man possessed of constancy, that would satisfy me. Having not and yet affecting to have, empty and yet affecting to be full, straitened and yet affecting to be at ease - it is difficult with such characteristics to have constancy."
7.27子钓而不纲⑴,弋⑵不射宿⑶。
【译文】孔子钓鱼,不用大绳横断流水来取鱼;用带生丝的箭射鸟,不射归巢的鸟。
【英译】The Master angled, but did not use a net. He shot, but not at birds perching.
7.28子曰:“盖有不知而作之者,我无是也。多闻,择其善者而从之;多见而识之;知之次也⑴。”
【译文】孔子说:“大概有一种自己不懂却凭空造作的人,我没有这种毛病。多多地听,选择其中好的加以接受;多多地看,全记在心里。这样的知,是仅次于『生而知之』的。”
【英译】The Master said, "There may be those who act without knowing why. I do not do so. Hearing much and selecting what is good and following it; seeing much and keeping it in memory - this is the second style of knowledge."
7.29互乡⑴难与言,童子见,门人惑。子曰:“与其进也,不与其退也,唯何甚?人洁己以进,与其洁也,不保⑵其往也。”
【译文】互乡这地方的人难于交谈,一个童子得到孔子的接见,弟子们疑惑。孔子道:“我们赞成他的进步,不赞成他的退步,何必做得太过?别人把自己弄得干干净净而来,便应当赞成他的干净,不要死记住他那过去。”
【英译】It was difficult to talk (profitably and reputably) with the people of Hu Xiang, and a lad of that place having had an interview with the Master, the disciples doubted. The Master said, "I admit people's approach to me without committing myself as to what they may do when they have retired. Why must one be so severe? If a man purify himself to wait upon me, I receive him so purified, without guaranteeing his past conduct."
7.30子曰:“仁远乎哉?我欲仁,斯仁至矣。”
【译文】孔子道:“仁德难道离我们很远吗?我要它,它就来了。”
【英译】The Master said, "Is virtue a thing remote? I wish to be virtuous, and lo! virtue is at hand."
7.31陈司败⑴问昭公⑵知礼乎,孔子曰:“知礼。”孔子退,揖巫马期⑶而进之,曰:“吾闻君子不党,君子亦党乎?君取于吴⑷,为同姓⑸,谓之吴孟子⑹。君而知礼,孰不知礼?”巫马期以告。子曰:“丘也幸,苟有过⑺,人必知之。”
【译文】陈司败向孔子问鲁昭公懂不懂礼,孔子道:“懂礼。” 孔子走了出来,陈司败便向巫马期作了个揖。请他走近自己,然后说道:“我听说君子无所偏袒,难道孔子竟偏袒吗?鲁君从吴国娶了位夫人,吴和鲁是同姓国家,[不便叫她做吴姬,]于是叫她做吴孟子。鲁君若是懂得礼,谁不懂得礼呢?”巫马期把这话转告给孔子。孔子道:“我真幸运,假若有错误,人家一定给指出来,”
【英译】The minister of crime of Chen asked whether the duke Zhao knew propriety, and Confucius said, "He knew propriety." Confucius having retired, the minister bowed to Wu Ma Qi to come forward, and said, "I have heard that the superior man is not a partisan. May the superior man be a partisan also? The prince married a daughter of the house of Wu, of the same surname with himself, and called her, 'The elder Zi of Wu.' If the prince knew propriety, who does not know it?" Wu Ma Qi reported these remarks, and the Master said, "I am fortunate! If I have any errors, people are sure to know them."
7.32子与人歌而善,必使反之,而后和之。
【译文】孔子同别人一道唱歌,如果唱得好,一定请他再唱一遍,然后自己又和他。
【英译】When the Master was in company with a person who was singing, if he sang well, he would make him repeat the song, while he accompanied it with his own voice.
7.33子曰:“文,莫⑴吾犹人也。躬行君子,则吾未之有得。”
【译文】孔子说:“书本上的学问,大约我同别人差不多。在生活实践中做一个君子,那我还没有成功。”
【英译】The Master said, "In letters I am perhaps equal to other men, but the character of the superior man, carrying out in his conduct what he professes, is what I have not yet attained to."
7.34子曰:“若圣⑴与仁,则吾岂敢?抑为之不厌,诲人不倦,则可谓云尔已矣。”公西华曰:“正唯弟子不能学也。”
【译文】孔子说道:“讲到圣和仁,我怎么敢当?不过是学习和工作总不厌倦,教导别人总不疲劳,就是如此如此罢了。”公西华道:“这正是我们学不到的。”
【英译】The Master said, "The sage and the man of perfect virtue - how dare I rank myself with them? That I strive to become such without satiety, and teach others without weariness - this much can be said of me." Gong Xi Hua said, "This is just what we, the disciples, cannot imitate you in."
7.35子疾病⑴,子路请祷。子曰:“有诸?”子路对曰:“有之;〈诔〉⑵曰:『祷尔于上下神祇⑶。』”子曰:“丘之祷久矣。”
【译文】孔子病重,子路请求祈祷。孔子道:“有这回事吗?”子路答道:“有的;〈诔文〉说过:『替你向天神地祇祈祷。』”孔子道:“我早就祈祷过了。”
【英译】The Master being very sick, Zi Lu asked leave to pray for him. He said, "May such a thing be done?" Zi Lu replied, "It may. In the Eulogies it is said, 'Prayer has been made for thee to the spirits of the upper and lower worlds.'" The Master said, "My praying has been for a long time."
7.36子曰:“奢则不孙⑴,俭则固⑵。与其不孙也,宁固。”
【译文】孔子说:“奢侈豪华就显得骄傲,省俭朴素就显得寒伧。与其骄傲,宁可寒伧。”
【英译】The Master said, "Extravagance leads to insubordination, and parsimony to meanness. It is better to be mean than to be insubordinate."
7.37子曰:“君子坦荡荡,小人长戚戚。”
【译文】孔子说:“君子心地平坦宽广,小人却经常局促忧愁。”
【英译】The Master said, "The superior man is satisfied and composed; the mean man is always full of distress."
7.38子温而厉,威而不猛,恭而安。
【译文】孔子温和而严厉,有威仪而不凶猛,庄严而安详。
【英译】The Master was mild, and yet dignified; majestic, and yet not fierce; respectful, and yet easy.
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