子罕篇 第九
主要记录孔子言论,重点为行事风格与价值观。
9.1子罕⑴言利与命与仁。
【译文】孔子很少[主动]谈到功利、命运和仁德。
【英译】The subjects of which the Master seldom spoke were: profitableness, and also the appointments of Heaven, and perfect virtue.
9.2达巷党⑴人曰:“大哉孔子!博学而无所成名。”子闻之,谓门弟子曰:“吾何执?执御乎?执射乎?吾执御矣。”
【译文】达街的一个人说:“孔子真伟大!学问广博,可惜没有足以树立名声的专长。”孔子听了这话,就对学生们说:“我干什么呢?赶马车呢?做射击手呢?我赶马车好了。”
【英译】A man of the village of Da Xiang said, "Great indeed is the philosopher Kong! His learning is extensive, and yet he does not render his name famous by any particular thing." The Master heard the observation, and said to his disciples, "What shall I practice? Shall I practice charioteering, or shall I practice archery? I will practice charioteering."
9.3子曰:“麻冕⑴,礼也;今也纯⑵,俭⑶,吾从众。拜下⑷,礼也;今拜乎上,泰也。虽违众,吾从下。”
【译文】孔子说:“礼帽用麻料来织,这是合于传统的礼的;今天大家都用丝料,这样省俭些,我同意大家的做法。臣见君,先在堂下磕头,然后升堂又磕头,这是合于传统的礼的。今天大家都免除了堂下的磕头,只升堂后磕头,这是倨傲的表现。虽然违反大家,我仍然主张要先在堂下磕头。”
【英译】The Master said, "The linen cap is that prescribed by the rules of ceremony, but now a silk one is worn. It is economical, and I follow the common practice. Bowing below the hall is prescribed by the rules of ceremony, but now the practice is to bow only after ascending it. That is arrogant. I continue to bow below the hall, though I oppose the common practice."
9.4子絶四——毋意,毋必,毋固,毋我。
【译文】孔子一点也没有四种毛病——不悬空揣测,不绝对肯定,不拘泥固执,不唯我独是。
【英译】There were four things from which the Master was entirely free. He had no foregone conclusions, no arbitrary predeterminations, no obstinacy, and no egoism.
9.5子畏于匡⑴,曰:“文王既没,文不在兹乎?天之将丧斯文也,后死者⑵不得与⑶于斯文也;天之未丧斯文也,匡人其如予何?”
【译文】孔子被匡地的羣众所拘禁,便道:“周文王死了以后,一切文化遗产不都在我这里吗?天若是要消灭这种文化,那我也不会掌握这些文化了;天若是不要消灭这一文化,那匡人将把我怎么样呢?”
【英译】The Master was put in fear in Kuang. He said, "After the death of King Wen, was not the cause of truth lodged here in me? If Heaven had wished to let this cause of truth perish, then I, a future mortal, should not have got such a relation to that cause. While Heaven does not let the cause of truth perish, what can the people of Kuang do to me?"
9.6太宰⑴问于子贡曰:“夫子圣者与?何其多能也?”子贡曰:“固天纵之将圣,又多能也。” 子闻之,曰:“太宰知我乎!吾少也贱,故多能鄙事。君子多乎哉?不多也。”
【译文】太宰向子贡问道:“孔老先生是位圣人吗?为什么这样多才多艺呢?”子贡道:“这本是上天让他成为圣人,又使他多才多艺。” 孔子听到,便道:“太宰知道我呀!我小时候穷苦,所以学会了不少鄙贱的技艺。真正的君子会有这样多的技巧吗?是不会的。”
【英译】A high officer asked Zi Gong, saying, "May we not say that your Master is a sage? How various is his ability!" Zi Gong said, "Certainly Heaven has endowed him unlimitedly. He is about a sage. And, moreover, his ability is various." The Master heard of the conversation and said, "Does the high officer know me? When I was young, my condition was low, and therefore I acquired my ability in many things, but they were mean matters. Must the superior man have such variety of ability? He does not need variety of ability."
9.7牢⑴曰:“子云,『吾不试⑵,故艺。』”
【译文】牢说:“孔子说过,我不曾被国家所用,所以学得一些技艺。“
【英译】Lao said, "The Master said, 'Having no official employment, I acquired many arts.'"
9.8子曰:“吾有知乎哉?无知也。有鄙夫问于我,空空如也。我叩其两端而竭焉。”
【译文】孔子说:“我有知识吗?没有哩。有一个庄稼汉问我,我本是一点也不知道的;我从他那个问题的首尾两头去盘问,[才得到很多意思,]然后尽量地告诉他。”
【英译】The Master said, "Am I indeed possessed of knowledge? I am not knowing. But if a mean person, who appears quite empty-like, ask anything of me, I set it forth from one end to the other, and exhaust it."
9.9子曰:“凤鸟不至,河不出图⑴,吾已矣夫!”
【译文】孔子说:“凤凰不飞来了,黄河也没有图画出来了,我这一生恐怕是完了吧!”
【英译】The Master said, "The Feng bird does not come; the river sends forth no map - it is all over with me!"
9.10子见齐衰⑴者、冕衣裳者⑵与瞽者,见之,虽少,必作⑶;过之,必趋⑶。
【译文】孔子看见穿丧服的人、穿戴着礼帽礼服的人以及瞎了眼睛的人,相见的时候,他们虽然年轻,孔子一定站起来;走过的时候,一定快走几步。
【英译】When the Master saw a person in a mourning dress, or any one with the cap and upper and lower garments of full dress, or a blind person, on observing them approaching, though they were younger than himself, he would rise up, and if he had to pass by them, he would do so hastily.
9.11颜渊喟然叹曰:“仰之弥高,钻之弥坚。瞻之在前,忽焉在后。夫子循循然善诱人,博我以文,约我以礼,欲罢不能。既竭吾才,如有所立卓尔。虽欲从之,末由也已。”
【译文】颜渊感叹着说:“老师之道,越抬头看,越觉得高;越用力钻研,越觉得深。看看,似乎在前面,忽然又到后面去了。[虽然这样高深和不容易捉摸,可是]老师善于有步骤地诱导我们,用各种文献来丰富我的知识,又用一定的礼节来约束我的行为,使我想停止学习都不可能。我已经用尽我的才力,似乎能够独立地工作。要想再向前迈进一步,又不知怎样着手了。”
【英译】Yan Yuan, in admiration of the Master's doctrines, sighed and said, "I looked up to them, and they seemed to become more high; I tried to penetrate them, and they seemed to become more firm; I looked at them before me, and suddenly they seemed to be behind. The Master, by orderly method, skillfully leads men on. He enlarged my mind with learning, and taught me the restraints of propriety. When I wish to give over the study of his doctrines, I cannot do so, and having exerted all my ability, there seems something to stand right up before me; but though I wish to follow and lay hold of it, I really find no way to do so."
9.12子疾病,子路使门人为臣⑴。病间,曰:“久矣哉,由之行诈也!无臣而为有臣。吾谁欺?欺天乎!且予与其死于臣之手也,无宁⑵死于二三子之手乎!且予纵不得大葬,予死于道路乎?”
【译文】孔子病得厉害,子路便命孔子的学生组织治丧处。很久以后,孔子的病渐渐好了,就道:“仲由干这种欺假的勾当竟太长久了呀!我本不该有治丧的组织,却一定要使人组织治丧处。我欺哄谁呢?欺哄上天吗?我与其死在治丧的人的手里,宁肯死在你们学生们的手里,不还好些吗?卽使不能热热闹闹地办理丧葬,我会死在路上吗?”
【英译】The Master being very ill, Zi Lu wished the disciples to act as ministers to him. During a remission of his illness, he said, "Long has the conduct of You been deceitful! By pretending to have ministers when I have them not, whom should I impose upon? Should I impose upon Heaven? Moreover, than that I should die in the hands of ministers, is it not better that I should die in the hands of you, my disciples? And though I may not get a great burial, shall I die upon the road?"
9.13子贡曰:“有美玉于斯,韫椟而藏诸?求善贾⑴而沽诸?”子曰:“沽之哉!沽之哉!我待贾者也。”
【译文】子贡道:“这里有一块美玉,把它放在柜子里藏起来呢?还是找一个识货的商人卖掉呢?”孔子道:“卖掉,卖掉,我是在等待识货者哩。”
【英译】Zi Gong said, "There is a beautiful gem here. Should I lay it up in a case and keep it? or should I seek for a good price and sell it?" The Master said, "Sell it! Sell it! But I would wait for one to offer the price."
9.14子欲居九夷⑴。或曰:“陋,如之何?”子曰:“君子居之,何陋之有⑵?”
【译文】孔子想搬到九夷去住。有人说:“那地方非常简陋,怎么好住?,”孔子道:“有君子去住,就不简陋了。”
【英译】The Master was wishing to go and live among the nine wild tribes of the east. Some one said, "They are rude. How can you do such a thing?" The Master said, "If a superior man dwelt among them, what rudeness would there be?"
9.15子曰:“吾自卫反鲁⑴,然后乐正,《雅》、《颂》各得其所⑵。”
【译文】孔子说:“我从卫国回到鲁国,才把音乐[的篇章]整理出来,使《雅》归《雅》,《颂》归《颂》,各有适当的安置。”
【英译】The Master said, "I returned from Wei to Lu, and then the music was reformed, and the pieces in the Royal songs and Praise songs all found their proper places."
9.16子曰:“出则事公卿,入则事父兄⑴,丧事不敢不勉,不为酒困,何有于我哉⑵?”
【译文】孔子说:“出外便服事公卿,入门便服事父兄,有丧事不敢不尽礼,不被酒所困扰,这些事我做到了哪些呢?”
【英译】The Master said, "Abroad, to serve the high ministers and nobles; at home, to serve one's father and elder brothers; in all duties to the dead, not to dare not to exert one's self; and not to be overcome of wine - which one of these things do I attain to?"
9.17子在川上,曰:“逝者如斯夫!不舍⑴昼夜。”
【译文】孔子在河边,叹道:“消逝的时光像河水一样呀!日夜不停地流去。”
【英译】The Master standing by a stream, said, "It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!"
9.18子曰:“吾未见好德如好色者也。”
【译文】孔子说:“我没有看见过这样的人,喜爱道德赛过喜爱美貌。”
【英译】The Master said, "I have not seen one who loves virtue as he loves beauty."
9.19子曰:“譬如为山,未成一篑,止,吾止也。譬如平地,虽覆一篑,进,吾往也⑴。”
【译文】孔子说:“好比堆土成山,只要再加一筐土便成山了,如果懒得做下去,这是我自己停止的。又好比在平地上堆土成山,纵是刚刚倒下一筐土,如果决心努力前进,还是要自己坚持呵!”
【英译】The Master said, "The prosecution of learning may be compared to what may happen in raising a mound. If there want but one basket of earth to complete the work, and I stop, the stopping is my own work. It may be compared to throwing down the earth on the level ground. Though but one basketful is thrown at a time, the advancing with it is my own going forward."
9.20子曰:“语之而不惰者,其回也与!”
【译文】孔子说:“听我说话始终不懈怠的,大概只有颜回一个人吧!”
【英译】The Master said, "Never flagging when I set forth anything to him - ah! that is Hui."
9.21子谓颜渊,曰:“惜乎!吾见其进也,未见其止也。”
【译文】孔子谈到颜渊,说道:“可惜呀[他死了]!我只看见他不断地进步,从没看见他停留。”
【英译】The Master said of Yan Yuan, "Alas! I saw his constant advance. I never saw him stop in his progress."
9.22子曰:“苗而不秀⑴者有矣夫!秀而不实者有矣夫!”
【译文】孔子说:“庄稼生长了,却不吐穗开花的,有过的罢!吐穗开花了,却不凝浆结实的,有过的罢!”
【英译】The Master said, "There are cases in which the blade springs, but the plant does not go on to flower! There are cases where it flowers but no fruit is subsequently produced!"
9.23子曰:“后生可畏,焉知来者之不如今也?四十、五十而无闻焉,斯亦不足畏也已。”
【译文】孔子说:“年少的人是可怕的,怎能断定他的将来赶不上现在的人呢,一个人到了四、五十岁还没有什么名望,也就值不得惧怕了。”
【英译】The Master said, "A youth is to be regarded with respect. How do we know that his future will not be equal to our present? If he reach the age of forty or fifty, and has not made himself heard of, then indeed he will not be worth being regarded with respect."
9.24子曰:“法语之言,能无从乎?改之为贵。巽与之言,能无说乎?绎之为贵。说而不绎,从而不改,吾末如之何也已矣。”
【译文】孔子说:“严肃而合乎原则的话,能够不接受吗?改正错误才可贵。顺从己意的话,能够不高兴吗?分析一下才可贵。盲目高兴,不加分析;表面接受,实际不改,这种人我是没有办法对付他的了。”
【英译】The Master said, "Can men refuse to assent to the words of strict admonition? But it is reforming the conduct because of them which is valuable. Can men refuse to be pleased with words of gentle advice? But it is unfolding their aim which is valuable. If a man be pleased with these words, but does not unfold their aim, and assents to those, but does not reform his conduct, I can really do nothing with him."
9.25子曰:“主忠信,毋友不如己者,过则勿惮改⑴。”
【英译】The Master said, "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. Have no friends not equal to yourself. When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them."
9.26子曰:“三军⑴可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也。”
【译文】孔子说:“一国军队,可以使它丧失主帅;一个男子汉,却不能强迫他放弃主张。”
【英译】The Master said, "The commander of the forces of a large state may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him."
9.27子曰:“衣⑴敝缊⑵袍,与衣⑴狐貉者立,而不耻者,其由也与?『不忮不求,何用不臧⑶?』”子路终身诵之。子曰:“是道也,何足以臧?”
【译文】孔子说道:“穿着破烂的旧丝绵袍子和穿着狐貉裘的人一道站着,不觉得惭愧的,恐怕只有仲由罢!《诗经》上说:『不嫉妒,不贪求,为什么不会好?』”子路听了,便老念着这两句诗。孔子又道:“仅仅这个样子,怎样能够好得起来?”
【英译】The Master said, "Dressed himself in a tattered robe quilted with hemp, yet standing by the side of men dressed in furs, and not ashamed - ah! it is You who is equal to this! He dislikes none, he covets nothing - what can he do but what is good!" Zi Lu kept continually repeating these words of the ode, when the Master said, "Those things are by no means sufficient to constitute perfect excellence."
9.28子曰:“岁寒,然后知松柏之后雕⑴也。”
【译文】孔子说:“天冷了,才晓得松柏树是最后落叶的。”
【英译】The Master said, "When the year becomes cold, then we know how the pine and the cypress are the last to lose their leaves."
9.29子曰:“知者不惑,仁者不忧,勇者不惧。”
【译文】孔子说:“聪明人不致疑惑,仁德的人经常乐观,勇敢的人无所畏惧。”
【英译】The Master said, "The wise are free from perplexities; the virtuous from anxiety; and the bold from fear."
9.30子曰:“可与共学,未可与适道;可与适道,未可与立⑴;可与立,未可与权。”
【译文】孔子说:“可以同他一道学习的人,未必可以同他一道取得某种成就;可以同他一道取得某种成就的人,未必可以同他一道事事依体而行;可以同他一道事事依体而行的人,未必可以同他一道通权达变。”
【英译】The Master said, "There are some with whom we may study in common, but we shall find them unable to go along with us to principles. Perhaps we may go on with them to principles, but we shall find them unable to get established in those along with us. Or if we may get so established along with them, we shall find them unable to weigh occurring events along with us."
9.31“唐棣⑴之华,偏其反而。岂不尔思?室是远而。”子曰:“未之思也,夫何远之有?”
【译文】古代有几句这样的诗:“唐棣树的花,翩翩地摇摆。难道我不想念你?因为家住得太遥远。”孔子道:“他是不去想念哩,真的想念,有什么遥远呢?”
【英译】"How the flowers of the aspen-plum flutter and turn! Do I not think of you? But your house is distant." The Master said, "It is the want of thought about it. How is it distant?"
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